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Mesothelioma Cancer Online
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Cancer treatment options are often determined by the stage of mesothelioma cancer a patient is in. There are three staging systems currently in use for pleural mesothelioma and each one measures somewhat different variables; peritoneal mesothelioma is not staged. The oldest staging system and the one most often used is the Butchart System which is based mainly on the extent of primary tumor mass and divides mesotheliomas into four stages. The more recent TNM system considers variables of tumor in mass and spread, lymph node involvement, and metastasis. The Brigham System is the latest system and stages mesothelioma cancer according to resectability (the ability to surgically remove) and lymph node involvement.
Butchart System extent of primary tumor mass. Stage I: mesothelioma cancer is present in the right or left pleura and may also involve the diaphragm on the same side. Stage II: mesothelioma cancer invades the chest wall or involves the esophagus, heart, or pleura on both sides. Lymph nodes in the chest may also be involved. Stage III: mesothelioma cancer has penetrated through the diaphragm into the lining of the abdominal cavity or peritoneum. Lymph nodes beyond those in the chest may also be involved. Stage IV: there is evidence of metastasis or spread through the bloodstream to other organs. TNM System : variables of T (tumor), N (lymph nodes), M (metastasis) Stage I: mesothelioma cancer involves right or left pleura and may also have spread to the lung, pericardium, or diaphragm on the same side. Lymph nodes are not involved. Stage II: mesothelioma cancer has spread from the pleura on one side to nearby lymph nodes next to the lung on the same side. It may also have spread into the lung, pericardium, or diaphragm on the same side. Stage III: mesothelioma cancer is now in the chest wall, muscle, ribs, heart, esophagus, or other organs in the chest on the same side with or without spread to lymph nodes on the same side as the primary tumor. Stage IV: mesothelioma cancer has spread into the lymph nodes in the chest on the side opposite the primary tumor, or extends to the pleura or lung on the opposite side, or directly extends into organs in the abdominal cavity or neck. Any distant metastases is included in this stage. Brigham System: (variables of tumor resectability and nodal status) Stage I: Resectable mesothelioma cancer and no lymph node involvement. Stage II: Resectable mesothelioma cancer but with lymph node involvement. Stage III: Unresectable mesothelioma cancer extending into chest wall, heart, or through diaphragm, peritoneum; with or without extrathoracic lymph node involvement. Stage IV: Distant metastatic cancer disease. |